Caspian Journal of Health Research
Volume:2 Issue: 2, Jun 2016

As occupational diseases are on the rise, and burnout in various jobs impact the performance of individuals and that steel industry workers’ job is important, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of burnout among Khuzestan Steel Company workers.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a population of 300 workers from Khuzestan Steel Company selected through stratified random sampling method. The data were collected through a two-part instrument, including the demographic characteristics questionnaire and Maslach Burout Inventory (MBI) with 22 items and three subscales, whose reliability and validity have been confirmed in various studies. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, t-test, and Spearman’s correlation in SPSS-16.
The results showed that of the 296 workers studied, 90% had moderate, 2% had severe, and 8% had low levels of burnout. There was a significant difference between the mean burnout score and each of the variables (level of education, household size, employment status, amount of income, workplace, and job satisfaction) (P Most of the workers had experienced moderate levels of burnout and the relationship between burnout and job satisfaction was confirmed. Therefore, conducting studies for determining the burnout status of workers in different sectors of industry seems necessary.

Health literacy is a major factor contributing to the effective control and prevention of diabetes. Diabetes patients with low health literacy have a lower adherence to self-care activities and blood sugar control. The present study was conducted to assess health literacy, knowledge and relevant factors in patients with type 2 diabetes presenting to a diabetes clinic in Zahedan, Iran, in 2014.
The present descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted on 182 patients with type 2 diabetes selected through convenience sampling in 2014. A valid and reliable health literacy and knowledge inventory was used. Data were analyzed in SPSS-16 using descriptive statistics and the linear regression analysis.
The majority of the participating patients were woman (75.8%), illiterate (38.5%) and married (85.2%). A total of 31.3% of the patients had an adequate health literacy, 61.5% had a marginal and 7.1% an inadequate health literacy, while 58% had a high level of knowledge. A statistically significant relationship was observed between health literacy and the level of education (P0.05).
The study revealed the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes to have marginal health literacy, while health literacy was lower in women than in men. Simple training programs are recommended to be designed for improving health literacy, especially among women and people with lower levels of education.

X-ray exposure in medicine is considered to be the major part in man-made radiation. The purpose of this study was to survey the effect of optimization in image quality and entrance skin dose for patients in radiographic examinations.
In this survey, seven radiographic examinations were studied. First, patient dose of radiation was measured and the quality of the radiography images was considered. Also, the number and causes of rejected films were checked. Then, corrective action of the European Commission (EC) was implemented and quality control of radiology equipment was performed. Once more, patient radiation dose, quality of radiographic images and number and cause of rejected films were analysed.
The image quality was not convenient before corrective actions. With implementation of the corrective actions, the quality of radiographic images was increased so that it was statically significant. Total rejections in all types of radiographies were 18.33% and 11.17%, respectively, before and after improvements. Entrance Skin Dose for patients was 1.59 mGy before improvements and 1.21 mGy after improvements.
The result of this survey demonstrated that it’s possible to implement a program for coordination of protection optimization in general radiology. After implementing the corrective actions for optimization of protection, the radiation dose decreased with clinically acceptable images as well as with the number of rejected films. This decreased dose can reduce cumulative dose, which reduces probability of cancer risk and genetic effects in society.

Investigating and determining the share of urban sources of air pollutants is an essential step in pollution control management. Studies indicate the main source of air pollution in Tehran is the indiscriminate use of energy, while vehicles produce more than 85% of air pollution. Thus vehicles have the most important role in Tehran’s air pollution.
The present study investigated the share of different types of vehicles in Tehran according to fuel consumption and emission factors and based on output data from the EMME/2 software of Tehran Comprehensive Transportation and Traffic Studies in a morning peak hour in 2013.
The emissions of criteria pollutants (CO, HC, NOX, SOX, and P.M.) vary in different types of gasoline and diesel vehicles according to emission factors, type and number of vehicles, fuel consumption, and car mileage. Generally, in a traffic peak hour in a morning in 2013, the share of a variety of sedans, taxis, motorcycles, pickups, minibuses, public buses, trucks, and school buses in pollutants emission was 48.36, 18.87, 16.02, 10.35, 1.50, 2.49, 1.28, 1.13 percent, respectively.
A trip by sedans or motorcycles emits 97 times and a trip by taxi emits 63 times as air pollutants as a trip by public buses. Therefore, raising public awareness about emissions of criteria air pollutants by vehicles for one trip or traverse of one kilometer in the city, and also encouraging them to manage their trips and make optimal use of private and public vehicles play important roles in reducing Tehran’s air pollution.

Protecting children from abuse is a public responsibility. Having a valid tool to assess child abuse is necessary.
The present analysis variance–covariance matrix study recruited 360 elementary school students selected by multistage sampling method. The mean variance, composite reliability and Cronbach’s alpha were used in the form of first order and second order confirmatory factor analysis approaches.
The overall prevalence of child abuse was 27.61%. The prevalence of different types of child abuse including fear, neglect, verbal, parental maltreatment, physical, and destruction of confidence were 62%, 42.2%, 18.7%, 15.6%, 14.5%, and 12.6%, respectively. These 6 factors explained 64.6% of the total variance of child abuse. The first order confirmatory factor analysis explains the model better than the second order.
The Iranian version of the child abuse questionnaire showed acceptable psychometrics. It is necessary to consider different views of parents and children in future studies.